000			02681nam a22003857u 4500
001			pwiiw7189
003			OSt
005			20260407120009.0
008			250222t2025 au ||||| |||| 00| ||eng d
040			_cOSt
041			_aeng
084			_aF14 _aF15 _aF53 _2jelc
100	1		_aAndo, Mitsuyo
245	1	0	_aMachinery production networks that bridge East Asia and Europe: A case against ‘near-shoring’ in the post-COVID-19 era
260			_aWien : _bWiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche (wiiw), _c2025.
300			_a44 S., _b18 Tables and 3 Figures, _c30cm.
490	1		_awiiw Working Papers _v260
520			_aThis study examines recent changes in international production networks facing various risks. We primarily investigate how import sources of the European Union (EU) countries in machinery industries have changed from the pre-pandemic to the post-pandemic period using monthly and annual international trade data at the finely disaggregated level, with a particular focus on East Asia. We confirm that Factory Asia experienced a much smaller negative impact and had a more rapid recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic compared with Factory America and Factory Europe, showing its robust and resilient nature. At least until 2023, the inter-regional linkages of East Asia as a supplier did not weaken. Moreover, we reveal that the two directions of links between East Asia and the EU are asymmetric. East Asian countries are important suppliers for the EU, particularly in general and electrical machinery industries, and the relative importance of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China, in particular, as EU import sources strengthened further in the post-pandemic period. We also demonstrate that EU countries increased imports from longer-distance countries, indicating no quantitative evidence of intensifying near-shoring in machinery industries in the post-COVID-19 era. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EU countries have prioritised friend-shoring from an economic perspective but not necessarily from a political perspective when purchasing machinery products in the post-pandemic period.
650			_aInternational production networks
650			_amachinery trade
650			_aEast Asia
650			_aEU
650			_anear-shoring
650			_afriend-shoring
650			_apost-COVID-19
651			_aEast Asia
651			_aEU
690			_aInternational Trade, Competitiveness and FDI
690			_aSectoral studies
700	1		_aHayakawa, Kazunobu
700	1		_aKimura, Fukunari
830		0	_v260 _w7703 _twiiw Working Papers
856	4	0	_uhttps://wiiw.ac.at/p-7189.html
942			_cP
999			_c9099 _d9099