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008			241206t2024 au ||||| |||| 00| ||eng d
040			_cOSt
041			_aeng
084			_aF16 _aF22 _aF66 _2jelc
100	1		_aLeitner, Sandra M.
245	1	0	_aOffshoring, technological change, labour market institutions and the demand for typical and atypical employment in Europe
260			_aWien : _bWiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche (wiiw), _c2024.
300			_a59 S., _b24 Tables and 4 Figures, _c30cm.
490	1		_awiiw Working Papers _v259
520			_aThis paper analyses the effect on employment of two megatrends: offshoring (the international outsourcing of production stages) and technological change, in general and by type of employment in terms of typical and atypical employment in a group of ‘old’ and ‘new’ EU member states between 2009 and 2018, and also examines the moderating role of labour market institutions and regulation in the EU, specifically employment protection legislation (EPL). The results show that offshoring had a negative effect on employment in the manufacturing sector, but a positive effect on employment in the service sector. The former was due to a reduction in typical employment and the latter to an increase in atypical employment, making offshoring an important driver of the expansion of atypical employment in the service sector. Information and communications technology, especially communications technology, has increased total employment, mainly through an increase in the demand for atypical employment, for which it is another important driver. Robotisation had a labour displacement effect, mainly at the expense of typical employment, which was more pronounced in the ‘old’ EU member states than in the less automated ‘new’ EU member states. EPL played an important mediating role: it dampened employment adjustments due to offshoring of the more protected type of employment and encouraged stronger adjustments of the less protected type of employment. Conversely, strict EPL acted as an amplifier of the negative effect of robotisation on employment.
650			_aOffshoring
650			_arobotisation
650			_ainformation and communications technology
650			_alabour demand
650			_atypical and atypical employment
651			_aAustria
651			_aBelgium
651			_aCzechia
651			_aFrance
651			_aPoland
651			_aSlovakia
651			_aSpain
651			_aSwitzerland
690			_aLabour, Migration and Income Distribution
700	1		_aSabouniha, Alireza
830		0	_v259 _w7703 _twiiw Working Papers
856	4	0	_uhttps://wiiw.ac.at/p-7089.html
942			_cP
999			_c9100 _d9100